there are several fundamentally different problems that may develop. Some problems may specifically affect only the waterside boiler surfaces, economizers, or condensate system, but all will ultimately adversely affect the overall HW or steam system cycle and raise the cost of doing business. These various problems may arise under several different circumstances. For example, difficulties may result from consistently poor operational control of the boiler plant or from enforced operating conditions that fall outside generally accepted procedures. Alternatively, problems may stem from malfunctioning equipment, from equipment design flaws, from inadequate water treatment programs, or even as a result of poor interpretation of monitored results and bad water treatment advice.